Efectos de aceites esenciales sobre la germinación de semillas de Solanum lycopersicum L. e inhibición de Alternaria spp
Resumen
El Tizón temprano que afecta severamente al cultivo de tomate (Solanum lycopersicum L.) es causado por varias especies de Alternaria spp. En este último tiempo se ha impulsado el estudio de alternativas naturales, como los aceites esenciales, para minimizar los efectos negativos de los principios activos de los fungicidas de síntesis. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar el efecto de aceites esenciales de orégano (Origanum vulgare L.) y tomillo (Thymus vulgaris L.) sobre la germinación de semillas de tomate y la inhibición en el crecimiento de Alternaria spp. para su uso alternativo como control del Tizón temprano. Se determinó la Concentración Inhibitoria Mínima (CIM) de los aceites esenciales sobre una cepa de Alternaria spp. aislada de un fruto de tomate con síntomas y se evaluó el Vigor y Poder Germinativo de esta concentración sobre semillas de tomate, con el fin de determinar fitotoxicidad. Se obtuvieron valores de CIM iguales a 1,2 mg ml-1 y 0,2820 mg ml-1 para los aceites esenciales de orégano y tomillo respectivamente. Se observó que las CIM de ambos aceites no produjeron efectos fitotóxicos sobre las semillas, obteniendo valores de Vigor y de Poder Germinativo similares al control. Estos resultados demuestran la falta de toxicidad y la efectividad antifúngica sobre Alternaria spp. de los aceites esenciales probados, por lo que ambos constituyen una nueva alternativa natural para la aplicación sobre semillas de tomate para control del Tizón temprano.
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