Bovine Enzootic Leukosis in smallholder dairy farms from the Province of Misiones, Argentina.
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13136324Abstract
Enzootic bovine leukosis (EBL) is an infectious disease primarily affecting dairy herds. Its causal agent is the bovine leukemia virus (BLV), belonging to the Retroviridae family. Although the majority of infected animals are asymptomatic, some develop lymphosarcoma. BLV transmission occurs mainly horizontally through iatrogenic practices such as injectable applications and rectal palpations. Vertical transmission occurs through transplacental means, colostrum, and milk. The possibility of transmission by hematophagous insects has also been suggested. In Argentina, the disease has exponentially progressed since the 1970s when it was first diagnosed. The prevalence of EBL varies in different regions, with a higher infection rate observed in dairy farms in the central region of the country. This study, conducted in the province of Misiones during the year 2019, aimed to update information on the BLV situation in 135 Family Agriculture sector dairy farms in the province of Misiones and its spatial distribution. An infection rate of 13% was found in herds, and a spatial cluster with a high infection rate was identified in the area where the majority of the province's dairy farms are concentrated. Infection was more common in the cow category and in larger farms, although these differences were not statistically significant. These results provide updated information on the presence of BLV in Family Agriculture dairy farms in Misiones, suggesting a lower prevalence compared to other dairy regions in Argentina. The importance of addressing risk management practices to prevent disease transmission is emphasized.
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