Características epidemiológicas y clínicas de la infección por Cryptosporidium spp. en granjas porcinas intensivas de Argentina
Resumen
Los cerdos son muy susceptibles a infecciones por varias especies de Cryptosporidium. Es usualmente una enfermedad subclínica. Los patrones de infección, duración e importancia económica permanecen sin reportes. En Argentina hay escasos estudios que hayan determinado la prevalencia en los cerdos, características epidemiológicas y clínicas.
El objetivo del presente estudio fue determinar la presencia y distribución de Cryptosporidium spp. en cerdos de granjas intensivas de Argentina, y las características de consistencia y color de las fecas. Se muestrearon 22 establecimientos. De cada uno de ellos se tomaron muestras de materia fecal de 10 cerdos de 8, 15 y 22 semanas de edad. Se determinó presencia de ooquistes de Cryptosporidium y cantidad de ooquistes por gramo (opg) de materia fecal, consistencia, color y su relación con la presencia/ausencia del agente, con la edad, cantidad de opg y tipo de piso utilizado. Se concluyó que Cryptosporidium es un agente prevalente en granjas intensivas de Argentina. Se detectó en el 86,4% de los establecimientos relevados (prevalencia intrapredial del 6,66% al 26,66%). Es prevalente en animales de 8 y 15 semanas de edad. Parece no ser frecuente en 22 semanas de edad. La materia fecal de animales positivos fue mayormente de color amarronada (hasta amarillenta) y consistencia cremosa (hasta líquida). El 89% de los animales positivos mostraron disminución en la consistencia de la materia fecal. Los niveles de opg mayores se observaron en éste tipo de materias fecales. Finalmente, existiría una probable asociación entre el tipo de piso (enrejillado/sólido) y porcentaje de animales positivos.
Descargas
Citas
Allen A., Ridley D. (1970). Further observations on the formol-ether concentration technique for faecal parasites. Journal of Clinical Pathology 23: 545-546.
Bodager J.R., Parsons M.B., Wright P.C., Rasambainarivo F., Roellig D., Xiao L., Gillespie T.R. (2014). Complex epidemiology and zoonotic potential for Cryptosporidium suis in rural Madagascar. Veterinary Parasitology 207 (1–2), 140–143.
Bouzid, M., P.R. Hunter, R.M., Chalmers, L. (2013). Cryptosporidium pathogenicity and virulence, Clinical Microbiology Reviews 26:115–134.
Budu-Amoako, E., Greenwood, S., Dixond, B., Barkema, H., Hurnik, D., Estey, C., McClure, J. (2012). Occurrence of Giardia and Cryptosporidium in pigs on Prince Edward Island, Canada. Veterinary Parasitology 184:18–24.
Cheng, F. y Huang, K. (2007). Prevalence and Phylogenetic Analysis of Cryptosporidium in Pigs in Eastern China. Zoonoses Public Health. 54: 393–400.
Fayer R. 2010. Taxonomy, general biology and species delimitation in Cryptosporidium. Veterinary Parasitology 124: 90–97.
Feng, Y., Ryan, U.M., Xiao, L., (2018). Genetic diversity and population structure of Cryptosporidium. Trends in Parasitology 34, 997–1011.
García-Presedo, I., Pedraza-Díaz, S., González-Warleta, M., Mezo, M., Gómez-Bautista, M., Ortega-Mora, L., Castro-Hermida, J. (2013). Presence of Cryptosporidium scrofarum, C. suis and C. parvum subtypes IIaA16G2R1 and IIaA13G1R1 in Eurasian wild boars (Sus scrofa). Veterinary Parasitology 196:497-502.
Guselle, N., Appelbee, A., Olson, M. (2003). Biology of Cryptosporidium parvum in pigs: from weaning to market. Veterinary Parasitology 113:7-18.
Han, D., Kang, U., Park, N., Wee, S. (1995). Pathogenesis of enteritis induced by Cryptosporidium parvum alone and combined with porcine rotavirus in piglets. Korean Journal of Veterinary Research 35:149-158.
Hatam‑Nahavandi, K., Ahmadpour, E., Carmena, D., Spotin, A., Bangoura, B., Xiao, L. (2019). Cryptosporidium infections in terrestrial ungulates with focus on livestock: a systematic review and meta‑analysis. Parasites Vectors 12:453.
Helmy, Y., Krücken, J., Nöckler, K., Von Samson-Himmelstjern, G., Zessin, K. (2013). Molecular epidemiology of Cryptosporidium in livestock animals and humans in the Ismailia province of Egypt. Veterinary Parasitology 193:15–24.
Henriksen, S. y Pohlenz, J. (1981). Staining of criptosporidia by a modified Ziehl-Neelsen technique. Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica 22:594-596.
Izumiyama, S., Furukawa, I., Kuroki, T., Yamai, S., Sugiyama, H., Yagita, K., Endo, T. (2001). Prevalence of Cryptosporidium parvum infections in weaned piglets and fattening porkers in Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan. Japanese Journal of Infectious Diseases Feb,54(1):23-6.
Johnson, J., Buddle, R., Reid, S., Armson, A., Ryan U. (2008). Prevalence of Cryptosporidium genotypes in pre and post-weaned pigs in Australia. Experimental Parasitology 119:418–421.
Kaupke, A., Gawor, J., Rzezutka, A., Gromadka, R. (2017) .Identification of pig-specific Cryptosporidium species in mixed infections using Illumina sequencing technology. Experimental Parasitology 182:22-25
Kvác, M., Kestranova, M., Pinkova, M., Květoňová, M., Kalinova, J., Wagnerová, P., Kotkova, M., Vitovec, J., Ditrich, O., McEvoy, J., Stenger, B., Sak, B. (2013). Cryptosporidium scrofarum n. sp. (Apicomplexa: Cryptosporidiidae) in domestic pigs (Sus scrofa). Veterinary Parasitology 191:218– 227.
Kvác, M., Nemejc, K., Kestránová, M., Kvetonová, D.B., Wagnerová, P., Kotková, M., Rost, M., Samková, E., McEvoy, J., Sak, B. (2014). Age related susceptibility of pigsto Cryptosporidium scrofarum infection. Veterinary Parasitology 202 (3–4), 330–334.
Lin, Q., Wang, X.Y., Chen, J.W., Ding, L., Zhao, G.H. (2015). Cryptosporidium suis infection in post-weaned and adult pigs in Shaanxi province, northwestern China. Korean Journal of Parasitology 53, 113–117.
Liu, H., Ni, H., Xu, J., Wang, R., Li, Y., Shen, Y., Cao, J., Yin, J. (2021). Genotyping and zoonotic potential of Cryptosporidium and Enterocytozoon bieneusi in pigs transported across regions in China, Microbial pathogenesis 154:104823.
Mirhashemi, M., Zintl, A., Grant, T., Lucy, F., Mulcahy, G., De Waal, T. (2016). Molecular epidemiology of Cryptosporidium species in livestock inIreland. Veterinary Parasitology 216:18–22.
Nemejc, K., Sak, B., Kvetonova, D., Hanzal, V., Jeníková, M., Kvác, M. (2012). The first report on Cryptosporidium suis and Cryptosporidium pig genotype II in Eurasian wild boars (Sus scrofa) (Czech Republic). Veterinary Parasitology 184:122– 125.
Nemejc, K., Sak, B., Kvetonová, D., Hanzala, V., Janiszewskid, P., Forejteke, P., Rajsky, D., Ravaszová P., McEvoy, J., Kvác, M. (2013-a). Cryptosporidium suis and Cryptosporidium scrofarum in Eurasian wild boars (Sus scrofa) in Central Europe. Veterinary Parasitology 197:504– 508.
Nemejc, K., Sak, B., Květoňová, D., Kernerová, N., Rost, M., Cama, V., Kváč, M. (2013-b). Occurrence of Cryptosporidium suis and Cryptosporidium scrofarum on commercial swine farms in the Czech Republic and its associations with age and husbandry practices. journal Parasitology Research 112:1143–1154.
Nguyen, S., Fukuda Y., Tada, C., Sato, R., Huynh, V., Nguyen, D., Nakai, Y. (2013). Molecular characterization of Cryptosporidium in pigs in central Vietnam. journal Parasitology Research 112:187–192.
Nguyen, S., Honma, H., Geurden, T., Ikarash, M., Fukuda, Y., Huynh, V., Nguyen, D., Nakai, Y. (2012). Prevalence and risk factors associated with Cryptosporidium oocysts shedding in pigs in Central Vietnam. Research in Veterinary Science 93:848–852.
Olalekan Odeniran, P. y Ademola, I. (2019). Epidemiology of Cryptosporidium infection in different hosts in Nigeria: A meta-analysis. Parasitology International 71:194–206.
Parsons, M., Travis, D., Lonsdorf, E., Lipende, I., Roellig, D., Kamenya, S. (2015). Epidemiology and Molecular Characterization of Cryptosporidium spp. in Humans, Wild Primates, and Domesticated Animals in the Greater Gombe Ecosystem, Tanzania. PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases 10(2):0003529.
Petersen, H., Jianmin, W., Katakama, K., Thamsborg, S., Dalsgaard, A., Olsen, A., Enemark, H. (2015). Cryptosporidium and Giardia in Danish organic pig farms: Seasonaland age-related variation in prevalence, infection intensity and species/genotypes. Veterinary Parasitology 214:29–39.
Pettersson, E., Ahola, H., Frössling, J., Wallgren, P., Troell, K. (2020). Detection and molecular characterization of Cryptosporidium spp. in Swedish pigs. Acta Vet Scand 62:40.
Qia, M., Zhang, Q., Xu, C., Zhang, Y., Xing, J., Tao, D., Li, J., Zhang, L. (2020). Prevalence and molecular characterization of Cryptosporidium spp. in pigs in Xinjiang, China. Acta Tropica 209-105551.
Rasková, V., Kvetonová, D., Sak, B., McEvoy, J., Edwinson, A., Stenger, B., Kvác, M. (2013). Human cryptosporidiosis caused by Cryptosporidium tyzzeri and C. parvum isolates presumably transmitted from wild mice. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 51:360–362.
Rodés, J., Carné, X., Trilla A. (2002). (en español). Manual de terapéutica médica. Elsevier España. pp. 329. ISBN 8445811487.
Ruecker, N., Matsune, J., Wilkes, G., Lapen, D., Topp, E., Edge, T., Sensen, C., Xiao, L., Neumann, N. (2012). Molecular and phylogenetic approaches for assessing sources of Cryptosporidium contamination in water. Water. Research 46:5135-5150.
Ryan, U. y Xiao L. (2005). Molecular epidemiology of emerging protozoan diseases: selection of molecular targets for delimiting species versus those used for epidemiological studies. The 20th International Conference of the World Association for the Advancement of Veterinary Parasitology, pag. 114. 16-20 October 2005, Christchurch, New Zealand.
Rzeżutka, A., Kaupke, A., Kozyra, I., Pejsak, Z. (2014). Molecular studies on pig cryptosporidiosis in Poland. Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences Vol. 17, No. 4:577–582.
Silverlas, C. y Blanco-Penedo, I., (2013). Cryptosporidium spp. in calves and cows from organic and conventional dairy herds. Epidemiology and Infection 141 (3), 529–539.
Singh, B., Sharma, R., Kumar H., Banga, H., Aulakh, R., Singh Gill, J., Sharma, J. (2006). Prevalence of Cryptosporidium parvum infection in Punjab (India) and its association with diarrhea in neonatal dairy calves. Veterinary Parasitology 140:162–165.
Sobestiansky, J., Barcellos, D., Moreno, A., Sobestiansky, A., Poleze E. (2005). Suínos: Coleta e remessa de materiais para laboratorios para fines de diagnóstico. Goiânia, Brasil, p.13-69.
Song, D., Zhou, X., Peng, Q., Chen, Y., Zhang, F., Huang, T., Zhang, T., Li, A., Huang, D., Wu, Q., He, H., Tang, Y. (2015). Newly emerged porcine deltacoronavirus associated with diarrhoea in swine in China: identification, prevalence and full-length genome sequence analysis. Ransboundary and Emerging Diseases 62:575–580.
Suarez-Luengas, L., Clavel, A., Quílez, J., Goñi-Cepero, M., Torres, E., Sánchez-Acedo, C., del Cacho, E. (2007). Molecular characterization of Cryptosporidium isolates from pigs in Zaragoza (northeastern Spain). Veterinary Parasitology 148:231–235.
Thrusfield, M. Veterinary Epidemiology. (2013). ISBN 978-1-483-161907. Editorial Acribia, Zaragoza, España.
Venturini L., Aguirre J., Armocida A., Risso M., Machuca M., Perfumo C. (1996). Diarrea post destete en cerdos: Cryptosporidium parvum y otros protozoarios. IV Congreso Nacional y pre-latino de Producción Porcina. IX Jornadas de Actualización Porcina. p. S15, Paraná, Argentina.
Vitovec, J. y Koudela, B. (2002). Pathogenesis of intestinal cryptosporidiosis in conventional and gnotobiotic piglets. Veterinary Parasitology Jun,43(1-2):25-36.
Vitovec, J., Hamadejova, K., Landova, L., Kvác, M., Kvetonova, D., Sak, B. (2006). Prevalence and pathogenicity of Cryptosporidium suis in pre and post weaned pigs. Journal of Veterinary Medicine. Infectious Diseases and Veterinary Public Health, Jun,53(5):239-243.
Wang, H., Zhang, Y., Wu, Y., Li, J., Qi, M., Li, T., Wang, J., Wang, R., Zhang, S., Jian, F., Ning, C., Zhang, L. (2018). Occurrence, Molecular characterization, and assessment of zoonotic risk of Cryptosporidium spp., Giardia duodenalis, and Enterocytozoon bieneusi in pigs in Henan, Central China. Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology 65:893–901.
Wang, P., Li, S., Zou, Y., Du, Z., Song, D., Wang, P., Chen, X. (2022). The infection and molecular characterization of Cryptosporidium spp. in diarrheic pigs in southern China. Microbial Pathogenesis 165:105459.
Wang, W., Gong, Q., Zeng, A., Li, M., Zhao, Q., Ni, H. (2021). Prevalence of Cryptosporidium in pigs in China: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Transboundary and Emerging Diseases, 68:1400–1413.
Widmer, G., Akiyoshi, D., Buckholt, M., Feng, X., Rich, S., Deary, K., Bowman, C., Xu, P., Wang, Y., Wang, X., Buck, G., Tzipori S. (2000). Animal propagation and genomic survey of a genotype I isolate of Cryptosporidium parvum. Molecular and Biochemical Parasitology May,108(2):187-97.
Wieler, L., Ilieff, A., Herbst, W., Bauer, C., Vieler, E., Bauerfeind, R., Failing, K., Klos, H., Baljer, G., Zahner, H. (2001). Prevalence of enteropathogens in suckling and weaned piglets with diarrhoea in southern Germany. Journal of Veterinary Medicine 48:151-159.
Xiao L. (2010). Molecular epidemiology of cryptosporidiosis: An update. Experimental. Parasitology 124:80–89.
Xiao, L., Moore, J., Ukoh, U., Gatei, W., Lowery, J., Murphy, T., Dooley, J., Millar B., Rooney, P., Rao, J. (2006). Prevalence and identity of Cryptosporidium spp. in pig slurry. Applied and Environmental Microbiology June, p. 4461–4463.
Xiao, L., An, W., Chen, Z., Zhang, D., Yu, J., Yang, M. (2012). Occurrences and genotypes of Cryptosporidium oocysts in river network of southern-eastern China. journal Parasitology Research 110:1701–1709.
Yin, J., Yuan, Z., Cai, H., Shen, Y., Jiang, Y., Zhang, J., Wang, Y., Cao, J. (2013). Age-related Infection with Cryptosporidium Species and Genotype in Pigs in China. Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 26(6):492-495.
Yui, T., Nakajima, T., Yamamoto, N., Kon, M., Abe, N., Matsubayashi, M., Shibahara, T. (2014). Age-related detection and molecular characterization of Cryptosporidium suis and Cryptosporidium scrofarum in pre- and post-weaned piglets and adult pigs in Japan. journal Parasitology Research 113 (1), 359–365.
Zhang, W., Yang, F., Liu, A., Wang, R., Zhang, L., Shen, Y., Cao, J., Ling, H. (2013). Prevalence and genetic characterizations of Cryptosporidium spp. In pre-weaned and post-weaned piglets in Heilongjiang province, China. PLOS One July. Vol. 8. Iss. 7.
Zeng, S., Li, D., Zhou, C., Zhang, S., Wu, Y., Chang, Y., Chen, Y., Huang, J., Ning, C., Zhang, G., Zhang, L. (2019). Molecular identification and epidemiological comparison of Cryptosporidium spp. among different pig breeds in Tibet and Henan, China. Veterinary Research 15:101.
Zou, Y., Ma, J., Yue, D., Zheng, W., Zhang, X., Zhao, Q., Zhu, X. (2017). Prevalence and risk factors of Cryptosporidium infection in farmed pigs in Zhejiang, Guangdong, and Yunnan provinces, China. Tropical Animal Health and Production 49:653–657.
Descargas
Archivos adicionales
Publicado
Cómo citar
Número
Sección
Licencia
Derechos de autor 2022 Ab Intus
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial 4.0.
